Walton Farm Cows
Requirements
The link between pasture performance and returns is a simple one: if farmers can grow more grass they can put more milk in the vat and send more milk solids through the gate. The adoption of the AR37 ryegrass variety on Walton Farm is estimated to result in between 9% and 20% increased milk production off that part of the farm. AgResearch figures indicate the gains from AR37 could translate to between $450/hectare and $800/hectare each year – if the longer period between the need to regrass pasture is factored in.
Dairy farms have around-the-clock energy demands, with the milking shed being the main consumer of electricity. Electricity is used to drive the vacuum and milk pumps during milking, to cool milk and to produce the hot water used to clean equipment. When David and Raewyn Bennett replaced the farm's 32-aside herringbone dairy shed with a 54 bail rotary shed, a number of systems were used to reduce electricity use. They ensured that hot water cylinders were insulated, and that both these and vacuum pumps were matched with their respective demands. Variable speed drives are utilised on pumps to reduce power consumption. The project team installed additional an additional insulating cover on the milk vat (the Polar Wrap from Dairy Technology Services), as well as a Danfoss Mahana Blue unit. The Mahana Blue recovers heat generated while chilling milk, and uses it to heat the hot water to 80 degrees, effectively removing the hot water component of the energy bill.
Energy
A 2002 study by Massey University researcher found the average overall energy use per hectare by New Zealand dairy farmers was lower than anywhere reported overseas.
New Zealand's energy consumption in dairy production is measured against overseas producers by its overall energy ratio. This ratio (OER) is the all-important ratio of the total primary energy input per kilogram of milk-solids to the calorific energy output in those milk-solids. New Zealand's OER is 0.59 compared to an estimated 2.8 in the USA and a range of 0.67 to 2.4 in European countries.
Some individual farms, however, particularly those with pumped irrigation or high nitrogen application rates, may have higher OERs than those calculated for some conventional and organic dairy farms in Europe.
The energy use on New Zealand dairy farms is calculated to be about 18 gigajoules (GJ) annually per effective milking hectare. The most significant contributions to that total energy use on the 'national average' dairy farm are fertiliser (35%), electricity (25%) and fossil fuels (20%). Estimates of the energy used in running capital equipment and farm structures add a further 13% to the total energy use. On spray irrigated farms, electricity use jumped to become the most significant energy input at 40%.